Micro-arc oxide ceramic film was generated on the surface of zirconium alloy by micro-arc oxidation technology. The thickness, morphology and phase of the micro-arc oxide film layer were analyzed by metallographic detection, SEM and XRD. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance and wear resistance were tested by electrochemical and wear resistance test. The results showed that the surface of the micro-arc oxide film mainly composed of t-ZrO phase had typical porous and crater melting characteristics, and the film layer was distributed, with a thickness range of 50–60 μm. In addition, the oxide film was composed of a dense layer and a loose layer, in which the thickness of the dense layer was about 10–15 μm. Electrochemical test results showed that the surface of the micro-arc oxidation film layer has reached a stable electrochemical state, with a larger corrosion potential, smaller corrosion current density and higher impedance compared with the substrate, indicating that the presence of the oxide film effectively hinders the contact between the zirconium alloy and the corrosion solution, thus improving the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloy. The results of the wear resistance test showed an order of magnitude reduction in mass wear loss and an increase in wear resistance to more than 18 times compared to the substrate.