To improve the microstructural uniformity and mechanical properties of Zr-4 alloy cladding tubes, Zr-4 tubes were produced using different rolling deformation processes and annealing systems. The tensile properties, CSR (Circumferential Stress Ratio), closed-end burst performance, and grain structure of the processed Zr-4 alloy tubes were measured. As the annealing temperature and time increased, the yield strength, tensile strength, burst strength, and equivalent maximum grain size of the Zr-4 tubes decreased, while the CSR value remained largely unchanged. The elongation after fracture and circumferential total elongation increased. When the final rolling deformation increased, the yield strength, tensile strength, CSR value, burst strength, and equivalent maximum grain diameter of the Zr-4 tubes decreased, while the elongation after fracture and circumferential total elongation increased. These results provide a reference for the design of rolling and annealing processes for zirconium alloys.