i-UDS plays an invaluable role in management of patients with voiding problems of varied aetiology—most commonly posterior urethral valves, functional bladder problems, neurogenic bladder, neurodevelopmental disorders and anorectal malformation. Performance of i-UDS in cases of neurogenic bladder has specific practical connotations and has been dealt with in a separate chapter. This chapter is a compilation of case scenarios elucidating a wide spectrum of cases belonging to each aetiological subgroup and their i-UDS findings.