Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a medical condition defined by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which disrupts calcium balance in the body. PTH naturally facilitates calcium release from bones into the bloodstream and drives significant bone remodeling. Dysregulation of parathyroid function leads to altered calcium homeostasis, resulting in increased renal calcium reabsorption, phosphaturia, enhanced production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (promoting intestinal calcium absorption), and elevated bone turnover, all of which contribute to characteristic physiological abnormalities.