Fracture treatment has evolved remarkably from ancient splinting in Egyptian and Indus Valley civilizations to advanced surgical fixation. Early splints of reeds and resins gave way to Plaster of Paris, revolutionizing immobilisation. The 20th century saw major advances with the AO principles, emphasizing anatomical reduction, stable fixation, and biological healing. Modern fracture management now incorporates sophisticated implants, locking plates, intramedullary nails, and bioabsorbable materials. Minimally invasive techniques, robotics, and 3D printing have enhanced surgical precision. Emerging therapies using bone substitutes, growth factors, and gene modulation further improve healing, marking a continuous evolution toward safer and more effective fracture care.