High-temperature structural materials are prone to creep deformation during prolonged service, potentially leading to creep rupture failure. Accurately predicting and evaluating creep life is essential for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of high-temperature components, particularly in critical applications such as nuclear power systems. This study systematically reviews existing creep life prediction methods for high-temperature structural materials and their respective characteristics, focusing on three primary approaches: prediction method based on phenomenological parameter models, prediction method based on material physical mechanism, and prediction method based on machine learning. Furthermore, considering the operational environment of China’s next-generation nuclear energy systems, including the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM) demonstration project, this study proposes a creep life prediction model for 800H alloy under high-temperature conditions using the Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) framework. The proposed model provides a scientific basis for assessing material degradation in nuclear applications, contributing to the long-term durability and safety of critical components in nuclear reactors.