Achieving “Sustainable Cities and Communities” (SDG 11) is crucial in addressing climate change, promoting economic growth, and reducing poverty and pollution. By 2030, it is projected that 60% of the global population will reside in urban areas (Chen et al. 2022a, b), and this proportion is expected to reach nearly 70% by 2050 (Sun et al. 2020). However, despite contributing 75% of the global GDP, urban areas also generate 75% of waste and carbon emissions worldwide (Chen et al. 2022a, b). Rapid urbanization has led to challenges such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, air pollution, waste management issues, and inadequate infrastructure and services. Unplanned urban expansion makes cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change and natural disasters. Currently, over 4 billion urban residents still face serious problems such as air pollution, inadequate infrastructure, and uncontrolled urban development (Sun et al. 2020).