Precise knowledge of anatomy of the liver is fundamental to successful liver transplantation. A thorough understanding of its segmental anatomy and vasculobiliary architecture allows surgeons to take advantage of partial liver allografts for transplantation and also helps minimize complications related to anomalies. The anatomy of the liver is complex and consists of conventional anatomy, based on traditional Couinaud’s segments and extra-hepatic vasculature, and segmental-level anatomy, based on detailed branching of major vascular structures and biliary radicles. This chapter aims to provide a brief overview of the conventional and segmental anatomy of the liver with emphasis on its surgical application in liver transplantation.