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Austenitic stainless steel 321 is one of the most important alloys used in cryogenic engines of ISRO across all major subsystems such as gas generator, thrust chamber, injector head, and turbopumps. This alloy is realized with primary melting being AIM/EAF with VD/VOD followed by either Electroslag remelting (ESR) or Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) as a secondary melting route. This study is an attempt to compare the effect of secondary melting processing route on the mechanical properties of 321 grade stainless steel at RT, 77 K, and 20 K. The product under study is 20 mm diameter bar stock. Chemical composition of steels from both ESR and VAR are comparable including the gas contents. The microstructure and grain size were comparable, including the inclusion rating of steels processed by both routes. Mechanical properties were evaluated on standard ASTM test specimens at RT, 77 K, and 20 K. It was found that the mechanical properties are little affected by the secondary processing route. Steels processed by both ESR and VAR have excellent balance of strength and ductility and meet the minimum specifications as per the applicable standard.

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Effect of Secondary Melting Route on the Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel 321 at Room Temperature, 77 K, and 20 K

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sandipan Das,
  • Varsha Florist,
  • Bodasingi Thaviti Raju,
  • Antony Prabhu,
  • J. Cyriac,
  • S. V. S. Narayana Murty,
  • M. Arumugam

摘要

Austenitic stainless steel 321 is one of the most important alloys used in cryogenic engines of ISRO across all major subsystems such as gas generator, thrust chamber, injector head, and turbopumps. This alloy is realized with primary melting being AIM/EAF with VD/VOD followed by either Electroslag remelting (ESR) or Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) as a secondary melting route. This study is an attempt to compare the effect of secondary melting processing route on the mechanical properties of 321 grade stainless steel at RT, 77 K, and 20 K. The product under study is 20 mm diameter bar stock. Chemical composition of steels from both ESR and VAR are comparable including the gas contents. The microstructure and grain size were comparable, including the inclusion rating of steels processed by both routes. Mechanical properties were evaluated on standard ASTM test specimens at RT, 77 K, and 20 K. It was found that the mechanical properties are little affected by the secondary processing route. Steels processed by both ESR and VAR have excellent balance of strength and ductility and meet the minimum specifications as per the applicable standard.