Review on the Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficients to Estimate Rate of Boil-off Gas (BOG) Generation During the Storage and Transportation of Liquid Cryogens
摘要
Storage and transport of cryogenic liquids are challenging due to the high boil-off losses of these fluids. To avoid over-pressurization of the storage tank or transport lines, the boil-off gases are vented off to the surroundings. This fact adversely affects the economy of supply of these gases, and may also create hazardous conditions like explosion, fire, or global warming. Reported studies showed that sloshing, which is observed in the mobile storage vessels, accentuates the boil-off rate caused mostly due to ambient heat in leak into the storage vessel. Therefore, it is important to understand the evaporation characteristics of the liquid cryogens. Such characterization is often achieved through theoretical approach in which heat and mass transfer coefficients are used. These coefficients are usually obtained with the help of suitable correlations. However, the exact correlations are often not available. Therefore, this paper reviews the reported numerical and experimental approaches to determine the boil-off gas (BOG) generation. The results of this work will help in the design of the storage vessels.