This chapter examines the urgent issue of emerging toxicants in the environment and their impacts. Emerging toxicants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, fire retardants, plasticizers, and various industrial chemicals, are increasingly being detected in aquatic ecosystems due to widespread industrial, agricultural, and urban activities. Their presence poses threats to both the environment and human health. Key sources of these contaminants are identified, which include domestic and hospital effluent discharge, industrial wastewater discharge, and agricultural runoff. Membrane filtration techniques, including microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and forward osmosis (FO), are explored as effective solutions for removing emerging contaminants from water. These techniques utilize semipermeable membranes to filter substances based on several properties, like size, charge, and others. While emerging toxicants pose challenges, advances in membrane technology coupled with improved pollution prevention efforts could help curb their spread and protect ecosystems and public health on a global scale. Overall, this chapter highlights the urgent need for concerted action to curb the spread of emerging toxicants and safeguard the environment and public health.