The EMI of Integrated PZT Sensors in Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Impact Loading
摘要
The investigation looks at the effect load on a hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete with integrated lead zirconium titanate piezoelectric (PZT) induced by a 5 kg iron ball being dropped from heights of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 m one by one. The performance of the hybrid fiber-reinforced (polypropylene and glass) concrete’s (HFRC) mechanical characteristics under the impact loading was evaluated using the ‘electro-mechanical impedance (EMI)’ method. The compressive strength of the concrete was measured using a rebound hammer, before and after the impact. The ‘Root means square deviation’ (RMSD) was used to further quantify the conductance signature, which was acquired at frequency ranges from 0–600 kHz. The study indicates that the strength of concrete cubes decreases with impact height, causing more damage to both conventional and hybrid-fiber reinforced concrete. Hybrid fibre reinforced concrete tends to have lower conductance peaks, making it stronger than conventional concrete. The variation of the RMSD index illustrates how the real stiffness of the specimen diminishes with increasing impact energy-related damage. RMSD analysis revealed that the stiffness of HFRC decreased with increasing impact energy, with an initial RMSD value of 7.2% after the first impact, compared to 8.55% for conventional concrete. These findings confirm that HFRC provides enhanced durability and structural integrity under dynamic loading, as evidenced by lower peak conductance values and higher residual strength compared to conventional concrete.