This investigation uses a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor equipped with enhanced performance that has been designed by employing a perovskite material. The suggested sensor comprises of a prism (BK7), layer of silver (Ag), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), nickel (Ni), and barium titanate (BaTiO3) in Kretschmann configuration To detect the presence of early-stage blood cancer cells, with the refractive index (RI) range of cancerous cells falling between 1.376 and 1.390. The parameters impacting the SPR sensor’s performance parameters, such as sensitivity (S), full width at half maximum (FWHM), quality factor (QF), and detection accuracy (DA) have been determined. The reflectance spectrum analysis is performed using the angular interrogation approach. An increase in cancerous biomolecules within healthy cells leads to a shift in the SPR angle, indicating changes in the refractive index due to the presence of cancerous cell biomolecules. The overall simulation is performed using MATLAB software. Numerical outcomes demonstrate that the use of perovskite material with a high dielectric constant has upgraded the performance of the sensor. For refractive indices from 1.376 (normal cells) to 1.390 (cancerous cells), the proposed sensor attains maximum sensitivity of 296.20° RIU−1, the FWHM of 5.91°, and quality factor of 61.20 RIU−1.