Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are key in resource mining, enabling effective remote monitoring and decision-making. However, they face security threats such as identity theft and unauthorized access. This paper presents a multi-factor authentication protocol tailored for mining environments that combines biometric authentication with advanced cryptographic methods. When evaluated with the Scyther tool, the security properties of our protocol were confirmed by formal validation. Benchmarking has shown that our protocol outperforms existing protocols and offers superior security and performance. This comprehensive framework represents a significant improvement over traditional methods and ensures the secure operation of WSNs in resource mining.