With the deepening development of socialist economy, modern civil engineering construction is also developing rapidly. The scale of projects is constantly expanding, which puts higher requirements on the ability to utilize advanced construction management technology and talent teams. Civil and architectural design is a very complex and wide-ranging task, and its technical process is also very complex. In the construction industry, various construction management methods are directly related to the success or failure of project construction. To continue to use the previous construction management methods, it not only fails to improve the quality of the project, but also lays many hidden dangers for the development of the project. This article was based on the above issues and explored a multi-objective engineering construction optimization model based on the GA (genetic algorithm). The variable factors that affect civil engineering construction were input into the algorithm, and a mathematical model was constructed using the GA algorithm to seek the optimal solution. Finally, the effectiveness of the model designed in this article was verified through simulation experiments: the time savings from process 1 to process 8 were 2.4 days, 2 days, 0.5 days, 2.6 days, 2.5 days, 2.7 days, 0.6 days, and 1.9 days, respectively. The time optimization ratios for planned construction were 20%, 4.26%, 16.67%, 9.63%, 11.9%, 14.21%, 5.45%, and 4.32%, respectively.