With the promotion of prefabricated buildings, the low efficiency caused by the traditional component splitting relying on manual experience and the high cost caused by unreasonable transportation route planning need to be solved urgently. This study aims to realize the intelligent component splitting and coordinated optimization of transportation routes through computer algorithms, and develop efficient decision-making methods to improve the overall benefits of prefabricated construction. Firstly, based on the BIM model, the geometry and weight parameters of the components are extracted and a splitting optimization model is constructed. The improved genetic algorithm is used to integrate the component production, lifting logic and transportation constraints (such as vehicle load and size limits) for multi-objective optimization and generate a standardized splitting plan. Secondly, a dynamic path planning model is established for the transportation link, and real-time traffic data and an improved ant colony algorithm (the pheromone update strategy introduces a congestion coefficient penalty factor) are used to optimize the path and minimize the transportation cost (including fuel consumption, time, and tolls). The experimental results show that in the case of a 50,000 m2 residential project, the splitting efficiency is improved by 28.2%, the transportation route planning reduces the average single trip mileage by 19.7% and the average vehicle empty rate is 13.1%. The conclusion confirms that this method can effectively solve the problem of coupled optimization of splitting and transportation, and provide quantifiable and reusable intelligent decision-making support for the promotion of industrialization of prefabricated buildings.