Even before China can prove itself with its economic restructuring and policy initiatives, its economic superpowersuperpower aspirations have already been challenged. Some players in the financial and political domains are predicting China’s downfall or collapse, and argue that Japan would revive (Reidy 2024, Lazard Asset Management 2025) or even India would rise (Srivastava 2022, Chakravorti & Dalmia 2023, Rogers 2025) to challenge and eventually replace China as the next economic superpowersuperpower.