Nanotoxicology is a specialized field of toxicology focused on studying the harmful effects of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have gained significant attention in sectors like agriculture due to their potential to enhance crop yields and sustainability. However, their fate and transport in the environment are key concerns, as their small size allows them to move easily through soil, water, and air, potentially impacting ecosystems. The mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity are still under investigation, with evidence suggesting they can cause cellular damage, oxidative stress, and disruptions in biological processes. The environmental fate and transport of nanomaterials, their mechanisms of toxicity, and their impact on agriculture, medicine, and industry are crucial aspects of nanotoxicology research. The use of omics approaches, such as genomics and proteomics, is used to identify biomarkers and molecular responses to nanomaterial exposure, furthering our understanding of their toxicity. To mitigate these risks, strategies like safer design, toxicity testing, and regulatory frameworks are being developed. This work aims to examine the impact of nanomaterials on agriculture and the environment, emphasizing safe practices and regulatory measures for their use in various industries.