In recent years, green polymer composites have emerged as a sustainable and promising agricultural alternative, replacing conventional plastics associated with adverse environmental impacts. This chapter comprehensively analyzes the development and various applications of these materials derived from renewable and biodegradable sources. Some examples of green polymer composites are polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, thermoplastic starch, polycaprolactone and green polymeric composites. The intrinsic relationship between the molecular structure of these polymers and their specific properties has allowed for a wide range of applications, such as biodegradable soil covers, greenhouse films, and more efficient irrigation systems. In addition to the environmental benefits, green polymer composites have significant economic advantages, such as reducing the costs of managing agricultural waste. However, challenges still need to be addressed, such as the considerable production costs and adequate infrastructure for large-scale implementation of these materials. Prospects are also discussed, including the development of promising new materials and their inclusion in emerging agricultural technologies such as precision agriculture. However, it is concluded that, with continued investment in research and development, green polymer composites have promising potential in global farming practices, promoting advances in operational efficiency and economic viability.