This chapter covers various uterine tumors not discussed in previous chapters, encompassing uterine sarcomas, uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), lymphoma, metastases, and lipomatous tumors originating from the uterus. Uterine sarcomas are a rare heterogeneous group of highly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. They include leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. The clinical and radiological features of uterine sarcomas are nonspecific and may be indistinguishable from those of leiomyoma or endometrial carcinoma. Uterine sarcomas tend to be large and heterogeneous with areas of hemorrhage and cystic necrosis. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common uterine sarcoma and may arise either de novo from the uterine musculature or connective tissue of uterine blood vessels or in a pre-existing leiomyoma. Endometrial stromal sarcoma is the second most common uterine sarcoma and originates from the endometrium, but invariably invades the myometrium. Adenosarcoma is an endometrial-based mass with a lattice-like appearance that results from the mixed composition of solid and multiseptated cystic components. STUMP is a rare subtype of uterine mesenchymal tumor that lies in the spectrum between benign leiomyomas and malignant leiomyosarcomas. STUMP remains a challenging diagnosis due to rarity, lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, and unclear management strategies. Both primary and secondary lymphoma can involve the uterus. Imaging findings for lymphoma involving the uterus are nonspecific, but diffuse uterine enlargement with a somewhat lobular contour and relatively homogeneous attenuation with multiple lymphadenopathies can suggest lymphoma involvement of the uterus. Metastasis to the uterus from an extrapelvic neoplasm can occur. A lipomatous tumor originating in the uterus is rare, but the presence of fat within a uterine tumor is virtually diagnostic of a lipomatous uterine tumor. Various modalities play pivotal roles in the imaging evaluation of uterine lesions at different stages of diagnosis and management. Ultrasound (US) is typically the initial imaging modality due to its accessibility and effectiveness in evaluating pelvic structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is invaluable for the detailed characterization of uterine lesions, offering superior soft tissue contrast that helps in assessing the extent of disease and differentiating between benign and malignant masses. Computed tomography (CT) is primarily used for staging purposes, providing essential information on the spread of tumors within the pelvis and to distant organs. These imaging tools collectively enhance our ability to diagnose, stage, and plan appropriate treatments for patients with uterine tumors.

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Miscellaneous Tumors of the Uterus

  • Yu Ri Shin,
  • Sung Eun Rha

摘要

This chapter covers various uterine tumors not discussed in previous chapters, encompassing uterine sarcomas, uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), lymphoma, metastases, and lipomatous tumors originating from the uterus. Uterine sarcomas are a rare heterogeneous group of highly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. They include leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. The clinical and radiological features of uterine sarcomas are nonspecific and may be indistinguishable from those of leiomyoma or endometrial carcinoma. Uterine sarcomas tend to be large and heterogeneous with areas of hemorrhage and cystic necrosis. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common uterine sarcoma and may arise either de novo from the uterine musculature or connective tissue of uterine blood vessels or in a pre-existing leiomyoma. Endometrial stromal sarcoma is the second most common uterine sarcoma and originates from the endometrium, but invariably invades the myometrium. Adenosarcoma is an endometrial-based mass with a lattice-like appearance that results from the mixed composition of solid and multiseptated cystic components. STUMP is a rare subtype of uterine mesenchymal tumor that lies in the spectrum between benign leiomyomas and malignant leiomyosarcomas. STUMP remains a challenging diagnosis due to rarity, lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, and unclear management strategies. Both primary and secondary lymphoma can involve the uterus. Imaging findings for lymphoma involving the uterus are nonspecific, but diffuse uterine enlargement with a somewhat lobular contour and relatively homogeneous attenuation with multiple lymphadenopathies can suggest lymphoma involvement of the uterus. Metastasis to the uterus from an extrapelvic neoplasm can occur. A lipomatous tumor originating in the uterus is rare, but the presence of fat within a uterine tumor is virtually diagnostic of a lipomatous uterine tumor. Various modalities play pivotal roles in the imaging evaluation of uterine lesions at different stages of diagnosis and management. Ultrasound (US) is typically the initial imaging modality due to its accessibility and effectiveness in evaluating pelvic structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is invaluable for the detailed characterization of uterine lesions, offering superior soft tissue contrast that helps in assessing the extent of disease and differentiating between benign and malignant masses. Computed tomography (CT) is primarily used for staging purposes, providing essential information on the spread of tumors within the pelvis and to distant organs. These imaging tools collectively enhance our ability to diagnose, stage, and plan appropriate treatments for patients with uterine tumors.