In renal artery stenosis or obstruction, endovascular interventions are important treatment options to cure or improve renovascular hypertension or renal insufficiency and to prevent progression of renal artery stenosis to complete occlusion. Causes of renal artery stenosis affect the treatment indications and results of renal PTA or stenting. Fibromuscular dysplasia, especially medial fibroplasia type, shows the best results for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. In an atherosclerotic renal ostial lesion, balloon angioplasty alone is inefficient and primary stenting can be indicated. Iatrogenic or traumatic renal injuries, renal artery aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, vascular malformations, and renal neoplasms can be effectively managed by renal artery embolization using adequate embolic materials.