UrolithiasisUrolithiasis is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract and a leading cause of obstructive uropathyObstructive uropathy. The prevalence of urolithiasis increases with age and has shown an apparent rise in recent decades. Various predisposing factors for stone formation are recognized, encompassing nondietary, dietary, and urinary factors. Renal colicRenal colic represents the predominant clinical manifestation of urolithiasis, often accompanied by symptoms such as hematuriaHematuria, nausea, and vomiting. Approximately 80% of urinary stonesUrinary stones are calcium-based calculi. Determining the etiology and selecting an appropriate treatment modality are influenced by the mineral composition of the stone. The role of radiological imaging in urolithiasis has undergone significant advancements in recent decades due to technological progress. The primary objective of imaging in urolithiasis is to confirm the presence of urinary tract stones and provide guidance for management. Unenhanced CT is the imaging modality of choice for the radiological assessment of patients suspected of having urolithiasis. The advent of multidetector CT and the recent introduction of dual-energy CT has further established the superiority of this modality over other imaging techniques in the management of urolithiasis.