In order to reduce the adverse effects of flow-induced vibration and noise on the performance of centrifugal pumps, this study focuses on the impact of the volute tongue angle on the internal flow characteristics and the underlying mechanisms. By constructing a three-dimensional geometric model of a centrifugal pump and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software for meshing and simulation, this research analyzes how different volute tongue angles influence the internal flow field, pressure pulsation, and noise characteristics. It is found that the volute tongue angle significantly affects the natural frequency, pressure pulsation, and sound pressure level of the centrifugal pump. As the volute tongue angle increases, the natural frequency of the pump rises, leading to a shorter vibration period. This results in an improved internal pressure distribution and a decrease in the average pressure value. Furthermore, through acoustic simulation analysis using Actran software, it is observed that an increase in the volute tongue angle correlates with a reduction in the sound pressure level of the pump. In the experimental verification phase, a centrifugal pump vibration test bench is constructed. By measuring the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the vibration intensity of centrifugal pumps with varying tongue angles, it is further confirmed that increasing the volute tongue angle helps to reduce the vibration of the pump body. This study demonstrates that optimizing the design of the volute tongue angle is an effective method to mitigate vibration and noise in centrifugal pumps, thereby enhancing the operational performance and stability of the pump.