With the development of the goji berry industry, challenges such as time constraints and labor shortages have become increasingly prominent, necessitating breakthroughs in mechanized harvesting technologies. In response to the current reliance on manual harvesting practices in Qinghai Province and the lag in the development of harvesting equipment both domestically and internationally, this study developed a wearable harvester. The minimum breaking force for harvesting operations was determined to be 1.5 N through the study of mechanical properties of goji berry fruits. The harvester carries out multi-functional harvesting based on the principles of shearing and brushing, utilizing the negative pressure generated by the fan to adsorb the shedding goji berries and completing the harvesting and collection process. The optimal internal structures for harvesting, collecting, and conveying systems were ultimately determined: adopting a single-pipe air suction collection method with a pipe diameter of 50 mm, wind speed of 20 m/s. This design provides a scientific basis and data foundation for the research and development of wearable goji berry harvesters, thereby promoting the entire goji berry industry towards more efficient and sustainable development.