In response to the current situation where Chinese self-propelled total mixed ration preparation machines lack the reclaiming mechanism and parameter optimization, the model of the reclaiming mechanism was designed and optimized. EDEM was employed to conduct orthogonal experimental simulation analysis on four factors that affect the reclaiming effect of the reclaiming mechanism, namely the feed rate, revolution speed, spiral blade pitch, and blade length ratio. Eventually, the primary and secondary order of the influence of each factor on the feeding efficiency is as follows: feed rate, spiral blade pitch, blade length ratio, and revolution speed. And the primary and secondary order of the influence of each factor on the backflow rate is: spiral blade pitch, blade length ratio, revolution speed, and feed rate. Considering both the feeding efficiency and backflow rate, the optimal parameter combination is a feed rate of 4 m/min, a spiral blade pitch of 230 mm, a blade length ratio of the reclaiming cutter of 1.8, and a revolution speed of the reclaiming roller of 230 r/min. When selecting the best scheme, the feeding efficiency is 82.6 m3/h, and the backflow rate is 38.93%.