Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are used in orthopaedic and cardiovascular implants owing to their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Mg-based implants autonomously degrade, hence mitigating stress shielding, metal ion accumulation, and removal processes. Accelerated corrosion and hydrogen gas generation may jeopardise implant integrity prior to tissue regeneration. Researchers have combined Mg implants with aluminium, zinc, and calcium to enhance mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Micro-arc oxidation, plasma spraying, and polymeric coatings mitigate degradation. Casting, powder metallurgy, and 3D printing provide patient-specific implant microstructural details and degradation rates. To ensure the safety and efficacy of Mg implants, it is essential to conduct microstructural analysis, mechanical testing, corrosion studies, and biocompatibility evaluations. Polymer–Mg composites and bioactive coatings may enhance the efficacy of implants. Standardising testing, conducting long-term clinical research, and obtaining regulatory approvals continue to pose challenges. This chapter examines Mg-based biodegradable implants and recent advancements in materials research, production, and characterisation. Advancements in research and innovation in biomedical engineering have the potential to transform medical implants and enhance patient outcomes.