In recent years, attention has been focused on the bottom-up approach, in which the assembly of molecules spontaneously creates a desired system by programming the properties of the molecules themselves. The emergence of this methodology, in which molecules are designed and self-assembled to create artifacts with molecular or atomic resolution, is a historic turning point in manufacturing methodology. Once artifacts have molecular/atomic precision, it will be possible not only to mimic the advanced functions of living organisms but also to realize functions that surpass those of living organisms. Molecular robotics, the subject of this book, is at the forefront of this paradigm shift in manufacturing. In the previous book, “Molecular Robotics—An Introduction,” we introduced the frontiers of single-cell molecular robotics research, and this book, “Molecular Robotics II—Toward Chemical AI,” focuses on attempts to extend this to multicellular molecular robots.