This chapter examines how we can understand sustainable transnational learning communities, which will be crucial for the quality and sustainability of international higher education in the coming decade. It discusses the future of institutional relationships, curricula and learning communities, emphasising the significance of historical and socio-cultural contexts in shaping our understanding of internationalisation. Additionally, the chapter considers the role of historical backgrounds and current social and cultural contexts in developing internationalisation. It highlights the importance of social agents in fostering sustainable international relationships and partnerships, particularly within a complex and volatile geopolitical landscape. The chapter argues that universities should consider historical and cultural contexts when collaborating internationally. Furthermore, it suggests that internationalisation is fundamentally rooted in personal relationships, with individuals, groups and communities as the driving force behind it.