With the increasing occurrence of extreme weather events (EWEs) in recent years, enhancing the resilience of multi-energy systems (MESs) has become a critical concern. This paper presents a comprehensive resilience enhancement strategy that accounts for the multi-stage recovery process and multi-energy coordination to strengthen MESs’ ability to withstand and recover quickly from EWEs. The proposed approach systematically models the entire recovery process, spanning the pre-event stage, system disturbance stage, fault isolation stage, and remote controlled restoration stage, while considering the interactions between resilience measures at each phase. To minimize demand curtailment, an integrated energy flow model is developed to optimize coordination among different energy subsystems. The problem is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that accounts for the uncertainties in fault components. To address the computational challenges associated with multiple scenarios, a customized progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) is introduced. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, demonstrating that a combination of restoration strategies can mitigate the impact of EWEs, and that cross-energy carrier coordination can enhance the overall resilience of MESs.