In the context of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, integrated energy systems (IESs) have emerged as an innovative energy utilization pattern, garnering increasing international attention. By integrating key equipment such as combined heat and power (CHP) units, gas turbines, and heat pumps, IESs effectively combine various energy subsystems, including electricity, natural gas, and heating systems, into a unified and coordinated framework. The multi-energy complementarity of IESs facilitates the cascade utilization of energy, leading to significant improvements in energy efficiency, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhanced system stability. As a key strategy for achieving China’s “30–60” targets, electric-gas-thermal coupled IESs have been incorporated into the national “14th Five-Year Plan” for energy development, with substantial progress achieved in both research and practical applications (Lv et al. in Proceedings of the CSEE 41:4001–4021, 2021).