This study employs remote sensing data and spatial multicriteria analysis (SMCA) to assess tsunami vulnerability and inundation patterns in the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, India. By integrating geographic information system (GIS) tools, vulnerability maps are generated, highlighting the most at-risk districts based on critical factors such as elevation, slope, land use, population density, and coastal proximity. The analysis identifies that lower elevation regions with direct exposure to tsunami wave paths and areas near ports are at heightened risk. The study reveals that factors like regional topography, the presence of water bodies, and tsunami wave trajectory significantly influence inundation extent. The generated vulnerability maps are validated using historical data from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, demonstrating their effectiveness in predicting potential impact zones. These findings can assist policymakers and disaster management authorities in implementing targeted mitigation strategies for coastal resilience.