The construction industry faces persistent challenges of low efficiency, high costs, and human errors in traditional methods. To address these issues, this study proposes a collaborative construction robot platform integrated with FUROBOT digital construction software, leveraging its AI-driven modeling, parametric design, and real-time data management capabilities. The platform employs intelligent path planning (A* algorithm) and multi-robot coordination (distributed task allocation) to automate workflows. Experimental evaluations demonstrate significant improvements: the robotic platform achieved 105% faster construction speed (8.0 versus 3.9 h/m2), a 71% lower error rate (2.9 versus 10.1 errors/m2), and reduced costs (900 versus 1001 CNY/m2). These results validate the platform’s potential to advance construction automation, emphasizing its efficiency, precision, and cost-effectiveness in digitalized building processes.