With the deepening of digital transformation, the intelligentization of corporate finance has become the key to improving competitiveness. However, in the process of transformation, facing severe challenges such as data leakage and cyber attacks, data security and privacy protection need to be addressed urgently. This paper adopts a series of data security and privacy protection technologies. Taking “Digital Finance of Colleges and Universities” as an example, the stored and transmitted financial data are encrypted through data encryption technology. Multi-factor authentication technology is applied, combining multiple authentication methods such as passwords, hardware tokens, and biometrics to improve access security. Blockchain technology is also used to provide new solutions for secure storage and transmission by leveraging its characteristics. The SM4 (ShangMi 4) encryption algorithm is superior to 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) in terms of throughput and resource utilization, showing its dual advantages in efficiency and security. In the security protection effect verification, the defense success rate of this method against real attack scenarios such as SQL (Structured Query Language) injection attacks, phishing attacks, and lateral movement attacks exceeded 95%, and the attack detection time is extremely short, and the vulnerability is repaired in a timely manner. In addition, through the application of technologies such as data desensitization and privacy computing, the risk of sensitive information exposure has been significantly reduced, with a reduction of more than 95%. The data security and privacy protection technology proposed in this paper provides an effective solution for the transformation of corporate financial intelligence and promotes the high-quality development of corporate financial intelligence.