Blockchain has provided solutions to security issues and many other industries in which healthcare takes a major share, especially for storing cancer patient’s records. Nanotechnology is one of the popular diagnostic methods to detect the early stages of cancer cells, possible to have vivo imaging as it gives a brilliant sensitivity-specific multiplexed measuring capacity. In comparison to conventional diagnostic techniques, cancer nanodiagnostics is a cutting-edge approach to the early detection and surveillance of cancer. Data security, privacy, and the smooth sharing of information among stakeholders, including patients, healthcare providers, and researchers, are some of the issues that this area continues to encounter as it develops. By overcoming these difficulties, blockchain technology, which is renowned for being decentralized and secure, has the potential to revolutionize cancer nanodiagnostics. Today, blockchain technology has developed to a point where it can be explored for use in a variety of other sectors, such as the management of cancer registries. It takes a lot of time and coordination between many levels of data-collecting jurisdictions to gather and handle the cancer diagnostic and treatment data as required by law in many localities. Cancer therapies employ a variety of nanotools, including inorganic, organic, and polymeric nanomaterials. Nano methods have demonstrated many benefits: they are more effective, sensitive, and dependable; they avoid drug resistance; they only need small amounts of pharmaceuticals; they have low toxicity; and they are site-specific. A continuously updated and comprehensive picture of the patient’s information made possible by blockchain can serve as a foundation for better decision-making, ultimately enhancing patient value and adding value to the healthcare industry. Decentralized applications with incorporated smart contract capabilities can be created on top of an interoperable blockchain-based IT system architecture for medical data and run well.