The adoption of Digital Currencies, including Cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), holds significant promise to drive economic growth and support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting financial inclusion, enhancing cross-border trade, and lowering transaction costs. These currencies offer a pathway to modernize financial systems and support economic advancement especially in developing countries. The prospective state-of-the-art FinTech systems involving digital currencies and CDBCs contribute significantly to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by bridging gaps in access to financial services and promoting more equitable economic participation. While monitoring the impact of digital currencies on economic growth is important, the concerns with respect to environmental sustainability, particularly looking at the carbon footprint associated with the maintenance of the systems, have to be addressed for ensuring sustainable practices. An analysis of the nexus between sustainable economic growth and digital currencies, particularly looking at the current adoption of these in economic frameworks is underlined while exploring emerging trends such as Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Efficient economic processes and emerging trends in financial markets point towards the integration of digital currencies into existing infrastructure creating hybrid systems that improve transparency, reduce fraud, and enhance transaction efficiency; it is a must to look at the regulatory frameworks, policy interventions, and utilization of resources for sustaining the growth in the near future. As digital currencies gain traction, their long-term impact on economic growth will depend on coordinated global efforts that establish systems that ensure the alignment of SDGs in its further innovation and maintenance.