Biorefinery systems, which integrate different techniques for converting biomass to produce an enormous variety of products, including biofuels, biochemicals, and bio products, represent a promising approach to sustainable resource utilization. The fundamental principles incorporate the physical, chemical, and biological processes that convert biomass into various value added biomaterials and products. These processes typically include biomass pretreatment, conversion, separation, and purification steps to obtain desired products efficiently. Technological developments, process integration, and product diversification have increased the range of industries in which bio refineries can be applied, supporting international efforts to reduce climate-change, improve energy-security, and advance sustainable development. This chapter thoroughly summarizes the general concept of biorefinery systems, potential application, classification, and current technologies of biorefinery for biomaterial production. In addition, techno-economic aspects and sustainability of biorefinery in the waste management system are discussed.