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Shrinkage is a significant attribute of hardened concrete that significantly affects its long-term durability and structural performance. Both drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage contribute to the development of internal stress, which can lead to cracking and reduced integrity of the material. Autogenous shrinkage, specifically, occurs due to chemical shrinkage and self-desiccation as cement hydrates continuously under consistent temperature and humidity conditions. Although this phenomenon has been extensively studied, long-term comparative analyses are still limited. This study investigates the impact of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)—including fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume (SF), and metakaolin (MK)—on the autogenous shrinkage and mechanical properties of M35-grade concrete. Thirteen different concrete mixes were prepared, incorporating three replacement levels for each SCM based on existing literature. The autogenous shrinkage was measured in accordance with ASTM standards, while the mechanical properties, such as compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, were evaluated following IS code standards. The results demonstrate that metakaolin and silica fume significantly impact both the mechanical properties and shrinkage behaviour of concrete. Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag effectively reduce long-term shrinkage strains by approximately 25–30%. However, mixes containing GGBFS displayed higher early-age shrinkage compared to the control mix. While supplementary cementitious materials improve mechanical strength, they also influence the tendency for microcracking and overall durability. These findings add valuable information to the existing database on shrinkage strains related to mineral admixtures across various dosages, providing insights for optimizing mix designs. By enhancing the balance between mechanical performance and shrinkage control, this research contributes to the development of more sustainable and durable concrete structures.

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Evaluating the Impact of Fly Ash, GGBFS, Silica Fume, and Metakaolin on Autogenous Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Concrete

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Jerison Scariah James,
  • Elson John

摘要

Shrinkage is a significant attribute of hardened concrete that significantly affects its long-term durability and structural performance. Both drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage contribute to the development of internal stress, which can lead to cracking and reduced integrity of the material. Autogenous shrinkage, specifically, occurs due to chemical shrinkage and self-desiccation as cement hydrates continuously under consistent temperature and humidity conditions. Although this phenomenon has been extensively studied, long-term comparative analyses are still limited. This study investigates the impact of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)—including fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume (SF), and metakaolin (MK)—on the autogenous shrinkage and mechanical properties of M35-grade concrete. Thirteen different concrete mixes were prepared, incorporating three replacement levels for each SCM based on existing literature. The autogenous shrinkage was measured in accordance with ASTM standards, while the mechanical properties, such as compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, were evaluated following IS code standards. The results demonstrate that metakaolin and silica fume significantly impact both the mechanical properties and shrinkage behaviour of concrete. Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag effectively reduce long-term shrinkage strains by approximately 25–30%. However, mixes containing GGBFS displayed higher early-age shrinkage compared to the control mix. While supplementary cementitious materials improve mechanical strength, they also influence the tendency for microcracking and overall durability. These findings add valuable information to the existing database on shrinkage strains related to mineral admixtures across various dosages, providing insights for optimizing mix designs. By enhancing the balance between mechanical performance and shrinkage control, this research contributes to the development of more sustainable and durable concrete structures.