The relationship between humanity and nature is an eternal topic. It once appeared in the agricultural era, and the Chinese were trying to explore the inner meaning of “heaven and human are united as one.” It also appeared in the works of Marx and Engels and became an important field in criticizing capitalist industrial civilization. Today, when discussing the relationship between humanity and nature, ecological civilization has obviously become a keyword. Ecological civilization is not only an idea, but also a new paradigm that promotes social development. As introspection and criticism of the logic of capital, ecological civilization itself is socialist in nature. The ecological civilization that China is pursuing today inherently contains elements of fairness and social justice. In other words, the public should jointly build and share ecological civilization. Ecological civilization means enjoying blue skies, white clouds, and lucid water. It is a universal public product that should be shared by people, rather than the private product of some groups. Therefore, ecological civilization and social justice are inseparable, and this itself coincides with the essential requirements of socialism. Therefore, ecological civilization is the sublation and transcendence of capitalist industrial civilization and a blueprint for the development of human civilization. This chapter will systematically explain the basic concepts of ecological civilization from several perspectives, including the sources of Chinese philosophy and the origins of Marxism. On this basis, describe the basic outline of the concept of modern ecological civilization.