In response to the problems of uneven allocation of school resources and uneven quality of education in the old urban areas, this paper proposes an evaluation method for the service performance of primary schools in the old urban areas in the urban renewal action, and take Kuiwen District of Weifang City (the central urban area) as an example to conduct an evaluation analysis and put forward an optimization strategy. First of all, through the literature review of the relationship between urban space and educational facilities, the current research frontier and theoretical basis are summarized. Second, the two evaluation indicators of spatial and functional performance under service performance and their standards are determined respectively. Then, based on the information of the Education Bureau and the results of field research, the service performance of each elementary school was evaluated in a refined manner on a school district basis. The evaluation results show that only about 57% of primary schools in the central urban area of Kuiwen District meet the service radius of 500 m, and 54% of the actual demand for primary school degrees is higher than the number of degrees. Some primary schools have problems such as low accessibility, unreasonable school distribution, and mismatch between degree supply and demand. Finally, the evaluation results are classified to propose renewal and optimization strategies for different service performance categories, and three typical elementary schools are selected for the analysis of specific renewal and optimization schemes. Updating and optimizing the service performance of elementary schools in old urban areas is of great significance in improving the public service system and promoting the equalization and fair allocation of educational resources in urban renewal actions.