Young people are the future of urban development, but the lack of a sense of belonging among young people has led to frequent movements of talent, which is not conducive to urban development and construction. Therefore, the state has introduced many policies to provide hard security for young people to settle down and live in urban villages, but the effect is limited in solving the problem of young people's psychological sense of belonging. Based on the theory of place attachment, this research explores the influencing factors of place attachment and their interactions in the public space of urban villages. Analytical results demonstrate that place attachment exhibits significant linkages with young adults’ behavioral patterns and the perception of spatial environment, in which commercial activity, green landscape quality and richness of facilities all positively and significantly affect the place dependence, and personal background show negligible influence on the place dependence; the mean value of the place attachment in Yulin Area is higher than that in Workers’ Village, which is mainly affected by the function and culture of the public space, and the different types of public space will also form different degrees of place attachment. This article concludes by offering recommendations for urban village spatial optimization and a policy foundation for addressing youth spiritual needs and fostering youth groups’ social cohesion.