This chapter analyzes the three core research methods developed by Hsu for the scientific study of literate civilizations: content analysis, comparative analysis, and postulate analysis. Content analysis responds to the limitations of structural functionalism, capturing the qualitative dimensions of social relations through role and affect. Comparative analysis identifies differences in cultural logics and emotional structures across civilizations, advancing cognitively controlled cross-cultural inquiry. Postulate analysis provides a deductive framework for revealing the basic assumptions underlying institutional behavior, psychological tendencies, and social structures. By integrating these three methods, Hsu established a multilayered paradigm linking individual behavior with macro-civilizational patterns, while ad-dressing methodological blind spots in anthropology and international relations. The chapter concludes by defending Hsu’s approach against criticisms of over-generalization, emphasizing its theoretical rigor, internal coherence, and empirical applicability.