Indenture, a micro-narrativised offshoot of colonialism, has been pivotal in effecting modern experience of global mobility. The indentured labour system assumed central position within the labour-intensive plantation economy post the Abolition of Slavery in 1834. A systematic emigration from British India to colonial South Africa began when SS Truro left the port of Madras for the sugar colony of Durban in 1860. The mandate of female quota further necessitated engagement of female labourers by 40%. Many women were indentured fraudulently; some willingly boarded the ship as an emancipatory move from the parochial society for upward social mobility. The patriarchal strictures at home, however, became racially charged on plantation colonies. This duality of liberation and servitude complicated the female experience of migration under indenture since it capacitated them as agents but also made them victims. While historiography focuses on the collective experience of indentureship, individual tales within the girmit system remain numbered; more so in female voice. Joanne Joseph’s historical fiction Children of Sugarcane (2021) attempts to restore the voice of Indian indentured women, muted and obliviated within the archive. This chapter takes the novel’s reconstruction of this female perspective as central to its understanding of mobility under British colonialism through the vital categories of caste and gender.

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Between Caste and Colony: Reading the Dual Experiences of Servitude and Agency of the Female Indentured Migrant in Joanne Joseph’s Children of Sugarcane

  • Kuheli Singha

摘要

Indenture, a micro-narrativised offshoot of colonialism, has been pivotal in effecting modern experience of global mobility. The indentured labour system assumed central position within the labour-intensive plantation economy post the Abolition of Slavery in 1834. A systematic emigration from British India to colonial South Africa began when SS Truro left the port of Madras for the sugar colony of Durban in 1860. The mandate of female quota further necessitated engagement of female labourers by 40%. Many women were indentured fraudulently; some willingly boarded the ship as an emancipatory move from the parochial society for upward social mobility. The patriarchal strictures at home, however, became racially charged on plantation colonies. This duality of liberation and servitude complicated the female experience of migration under indenture since it capacitated them as agents but also made them victims. While historiography focuses on the collective experience of indentureship, individual tales within the girmit system remain numbered; more so in female voice. Joanne Joseph’s historical fiction Children of Sugarcane (2021) attempts to restore the voice of Indian indentured women, muted and obliviated within the archive. This chapter takes the novel’s reconstruction of this female perspective as central to its understanding of mobility under British colonialism through the vital categories of caste and gender.