The largest group of Indian overseas immigrants resulted from the export of labour services, with indentured labour emerging as a leading example in this regard. The proliferation of the indentured system was driven mainly by anti-slavery arguments that resulted in the emancipation of the slaves across the British Empire. The emancipation led to labour shortage in the plantation economy which was heavily dependent on slave labour. For instance, since the beginning of the sixteenth century, an era of imperialism brought about the successive annexation of many Asian and Caribbean territories by British colonisers. These colonies largely depended on plantations. After the abolition of slavery, the Britishers turned towards India to fulfil the demand of labour shortage, considering, the British colonial hegemony in India at that time, it was easier to control and manipulate the Indian immigrants than Chinese or Japanese workers from other non-British colonies. Transporting labour from British India to the British settlements elsewhere served many purposes, it alleviated the population pressure, and served as a source of labour for the colonies. as a result, a new system named Indenture ship was introduced. The present chapter provides socio-historical account of migration of Indians to various parts of the British Empire with a view to argue that Indians were migrated to other British colonies not just as indentured labourers, but as skilled and semi-skilled workers as well. In this process, I will try to trace various patterns of migration of the Indians during the British Empire and will also provide a brief overview of the book as a whole. My aim in this enterprise is to bring home the idea that one cannot understand present Indian diaspora without understanding the historical context of this mass migration. I conclude with the observation that the literature produced by Indian diaspora is nothing, but direct and indirect response to this untold history that unfolded during the British Empire.