Ensuring security and privacy of data in health care is extremely important as electronic medical records (EMRs) and connected medical devices become more and more popular with an accelerated rate of digital transformation. However, the problem still persists in the healthcare sector related to data breaches, regulatory conformity, and secure communication. In this work, we elaborate on the discussion regarding various cryptographic techniques such as encryption algorithms, hash functions, and digital signature schemes that focus on protecting the original and copies of digital medical record. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive healthcare security infrastructure incorporating government regulations, encryption technologies, medical device security, and protecting patient interface. Moreover, recent advancements are highlighted related to healthcare data security and privacy with innovative approaches and potential technologies improving security and privacy issues within healthcare systems.