Death is the ultimate culmination of life, as every person that is born must die someday. For the elderly this is the end of a long life that has been defined by their personal history, relationships, well-entrenched personality characteristics, their values, and preferences, consistent with set clinical, ethical, and cultural standards. A good death entails a death that is free from avoidable distress and suffering in accordance with the values and preferences of the patient and the family. For the families caring for elderly, how their loved ones die remains in their memory forever, impacting grief and bereavement. While dying is an individualized experience, with each person following their own trajectory, dying in their own way and time, appropriate end-of-life-care (EOLC) will facilitate “good death” in the geriatric population. It is estimated that over 9–10% of the population in India were aged over 60 in 2012, with it being expected to rise to 20%, i.e., 325 million, by the year 2050. Although aging is a natural process and culminates in death, the particularities of EOLC in the ailing elderly is often overlooked. Old age comes with its inherent limitations, challenges, unmet needs, and fears. EOLC of the elderly involves not only recognizing and understanding the inherent physical needs of the elderly but also understanding the relevant social, cultural, and individual life experiences of the patient and their families. A well-planned transition into palliative care thus reduces the anxiety and uncertainly and improves quality of living as well as dying. EOLC takes care of total pain, i.e., bio-psycho-social-spiritual pain. It addresses EOLC needs in all domains, including legal preparations and advance directives wherever applicable. EOLC helps the caregivers to work through their anticipatory grief, address caregiver burden, and provide after-death care, thereby facilitating better adjustment to bereavement.

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End-of-Life Care in the Elderly: Psychosocial Aspects

  • Ankita R. Gupta

摘要

Death is the ultimate culmination of life, as every person that is born must die someday. For the elderly this is the end of a long life that has been defined by their personal history, relationships, well-entrenched personality characteristics, their values, and preferences, consistent with set clinical, ethical, and cultural standards. A good death entails a death that is free from avoidable distress and suffering in accordance with the values and preferences of the patient and the family. For the families caring for elderly, how their loved ones die remains in their memory forever, impacting grief and bereavement. While dying is an individualized experience, with each person following their own trajectory, dying in their own way and time, appropriate end-of-life-care (EOLC) will facilitate “good death” in the geriatric population. It is estimated that over 9–10% of the population in India were aged over 60 in 2012, with it being expected to rise to 20%, i.e., 325 million, by the year 2050. Although aging is a natural process and culminates in death, the particularities of EOLC in the ailing elderly is often overlooked. Old age comes with its inherent limitations, challenges, unmet needs, and fears. EOLC of the elderly involves not only recognizing and understanding the inherent physical needs of the elderly but also understanding the relevant social, cultural, and individual life experiences of the patient and their families. A well-planned transition into palliative care thus reduces the anxiety and uncertainly and improves quality of living as well as dying. EOLC takes care of total pain, i.e., bio-psycho-social-spiritual pain. It addresses EOLC needs in all domains, including legal preparations and advance directives wherever applicable. EOLC helps the caregivers to work through their anticipatory grief, address caregiver burden, and provide after-death care, thereby facilitating better adjustment to bereavement.