Population aging is now a recognized global phenomenon with the absolute numbers and proportion of older people in various countries accelerating substantially especially in the middle- and low-income countries. As per United Nations statistics by 2050, the world as a whole is projected to have doubling of the proportion of people above 60 years of age with rapid increases anticipated to occur in this decade onward, and further also till the end of the century. As many experts from different disciplines connected with aging studies point out population aging brings with it many challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed, in particular in terms of healthy well-being concerns that cover aspects of physical and mental health including psychosocial dimensions along with socioeconomic factors and many environmental and developmental issues in specific cultural contexts. While a strong discourse is emerging that aging needs to be celebrated across nations and older persons need to be viewed as a resource for society, but there is an emphasis all over the world that a prerequisite for this is for people to enjoy healthy well-being across their life span in order to seize the various opportunities that they are entitled to. There is no denying the fact that people as they move on in years are generally at a risk of being faced with physical health problems such as hearing loss, cataracts, arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension, to name a few common ailments. In addition, to some of these age-related health issues, aging is also associated with many life transitions such as those connected with role changes across the later years and in particular resulting in loss of incomes, grief, loneliness, isolation, and even elder abuse. All of these along with at times certain kinds of medications and few other circumstances increase the vulnerability to mental health problems. Ironically while for some time now, mental well-being is seen by experts to be an important ingredient for having good quality of life in old age, geriatric mental health needs are often unidentified, also not prioritized in national health policies, until very recently in some countries. Hence, a comprehensive approach to managing geriatric mental health concerns inclusive of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is still not a priority in many countries, in particular through a sociopsychological approach. This volume through its various chapters throws light on many aspects that are covered under the domain of geriatric mental health issues and raises awareness on the need to pay attention to this dimension.