Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms, such as tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The underlying pathophysiology involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to dopamine deficiency in the striatum. In addition, alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation contribute to neuronal death. Traditional treatment modalities primarily focus on symptomatic relief through pharmacological and surgical intervention. However, emerging research highlights the significant role of the gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis, suggesting that gut dysbiosis, alpha-synuclein propagation from the gut to the brain, and systemic inflammation may influence disease progression. This chapter aims to explore the synergy between the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism and treatment modalities, emphasizing the role of the gut microbiota and inflammation in PD. Furthermore, it compares traditional treatments with gut microbiota-based approaches and discusses their mechanisms, outcomes, and processes. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing comprehensive therapeutic strategies that address both symptoms and underlying disease mechanisms.