Evaluating Maritime Vision in Jokowi’s Foreign Policy: The Implementation of Global Maritime Fulcrum Vision
摘要
As an evaluation of a decade of President Joko Widodo's foreign policy, this article specifically examines how the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) vision is implemented as Indonesia's foreign policy. As known, in the era of President Joko Widodo, Indonesia for the first time had the white paper on Indonesian Maritime Policy and on Maritime Diplomacy. Therefore, in evaluating the extent to which the maritime vision, namely the GMF, has been embodied in the Jokowi's foreign policy, we can measure from two indicators, which are the idea level and the practical implementation level. First, the idea level is the extent to which Indonesian maritime diplomacy is able to make it the “center” in the context of leadership in the maritime sector in the region. Referring to this definition, there are several diplomatic achievements, for example in IORA or in ASEAN in the form of the ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific. The idea level includes the aspect of “recognition” from other countries and foreign institutions. Second, the practical implementation level means to what extent Indonesia implements the targets of its maritime diplomacy. As known, Indonesian maritime diplomacy in the GMF scheme views the importance of inter-regional connectivity or maritime connectivity, both from a domestic perspective and Indonesia's regional/global needs in its geostrategic position in the region. In this context, the presence of International Hub Port (IHP) is relevant and important because its presence basically shows the existence of global aspirations in the GMF vision by developing world class seaports which are expected to become important international navigation traffic axes. By the presence of these ports, Indonesia can gain the greatest possible benefits from global trade shipping activities that pass through Indonesian waters. However, this paper argues that while Indonesia has succeeded in strengthening its maritime vision at the level of ideas, but from the practical level, it is still hampered by domestic obstacles, both from political and economic aspects. This contrast between international and domestic achievements within the GMF framework underscores a paradox: Indonesia has made visible progress on the international stage, yet domestic maritime initiatives face slower or even stagnant progress.