The first sign of a new pandemic was In June 1981 a handful of cases of an unusual type of pneumonia signalled the start of what would become a disastrous pandemic. Five young homosexual men in the Los Angeles area were suffering from a pneumonia caused by the bacterium Pneumocystis carinii. They also had fungal and viral infections. Forty years on, some 88 million people have been infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and over 42 million people have died from AIDS-related diseases. Currently about 40 million people are living with HIV, and one of them dies from it every minute. HIV infection is an ongoing catastrophe [1].