When users acquire knowledge or solve problems, cognitive processing consumes cognitive resources. Cognitive load (Cognitive Workload) refers to the multidimensional burden imposed on users’ cognitive systems during such cognitive processing. Within the causal dimensions of cognitive load, task characteristics, learner characteristics, and their interactions collectively determine the sources of cognitive load. When task demands remain within the cognitive resource capacity of elderly users, they can complete tasks effectively. As task complexity increases and exceeds cognitive resource thresholds, overload occurs, leading to a significant decline in task performance.